Lung function abnormalities in HIV-infected adults and children.
Gregory L Calligaro1, Diane M Gray
1Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)
|September 25, 2014
Summary
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection leads to chronic respiratory issues, including obstructive lung disease, in adults and children. Understanding these lung function abnormalities is crucial for managing and preventing pulmonary disability in HIV patients.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
Background:
- The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic continues to cause significant respiratory disease globally.
- Improved survival due to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has shifted complications towards non-infectious chronic respiratory conditions.
- HIV-associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasingly recognized, affecting both adults and children.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review lung function abnormalities in HIV-positive adults and children.
- To emphasize the development of obstructive lung disease in HIV-infected individuals.
- To examine potential pathogenic links between HIV and chronic pulmonary disability.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on lung function in HIV-positive populations.
- Analysis of data concerning obstructive ventilatory defects and reduced diffusing capacity.
- Examination of factors contributing to HIV-associated lung disease, including viral, infectious, environmental, and ART-related influences.
Main Results:
- Obstructive ventilatory defects and reduced diffusing capacity are common in HIV-infected adults.
- Bronchiectasis and obliterative bronchiolitis with severe airflow limitation are significant problems in HIV-infected children, especially in developing countries.
- Synergistic factors contribute to the development of HIV-associated chronic obstructive lung disease.
Conclusions:
- There is a substantial unmet need to understand and address chronic lung disease in HIV-infected individuals.
- Clinicians require awareness of how HIV impacts lung function measurements.
- Strategies for managing and preventing pulmonary disability in HIV patients are essential.
Keywords:
chronic obstructive pulmonary diseasediffusing capacityhuman immunodeficiency virus infectionobstructive lung diseasepulmonary complications of human immunodeficiency virus.More Related Videos
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