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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma
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Does anaphylaxis masquerade as asthma in children?

N Sargant1, M Erlewyn-Lajeunesse2, J Benger3

  • 1Children's Emergency Department, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol, UK.

Emergency Medicine Journal : EMJ
|September 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Anaphylaxis in children can mimic asthma symptoms, leading to diagnostic confusion. This study found that a significant number of severe asthma cases showed features of anaphylaxis, emphasizing the need for careful evaluation.

Keywords:
anaphylaxis/allergyasthmapaediatrics, paediatric emergency medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Emergency Medicine
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Anaphylaxis in children often presents with respiratory symptoms.
  • Diagnostic confusion between anaphylaxis and acute asthma is a clinical concern.
  • Severe asthma exacerbations require intensive care, presenting a critical diagnostic challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential for diagnostic confusion between anaphylaxis and acute asthma in children.
  • To determine the prevalence of anaphylaxis features in children admitted to intensive care for asthma.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 84 pediatric intensive care unit cases initially diagnosed with asthma.
  • Exclusion of 11 cases based on predefined criteria.
  • Application of established anaphylaxis diagnostic criteria to the remaining 73 cases.

Main Results:

  • 17.8% (13/73) of cases met sufficient clinical criteria for anaphylaxis to be considered.
  • 4.1% (3/73) of cases were deemed highly likely to be anaphylaxis.
  • Respiratory symptoms are a common presentation for pediatric anaphylaxis, overlapping with asthma.

Conclusions:

  • Anaphylaxis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children presenting with severe asthma.
  • Diagnostic criteria for anaphylaxis are crucial for accurate identification in pediatric respiratory emergencies.
  • Improved recognition of anaphylaxis can lead to timely and appropriate management, improving patient outcomes.