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Related Concept Videos

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease01:25

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the backward flow of stomach contents (acid, pepsin, or bile) into the esophagus, causing mucosal inflammation known as esophagitis. It results from failure of antireflux mechanisms, mainly the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), influenced by mechanical and physiological factors.Etiology and Risk FactorsGERD develops when LES function is weakened or when intra-abdominal pressure increases. Risk factors include aging, obesity, and sliding hiatal hernia,...
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology

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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...
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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
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Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
1.7K
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

1.1K
Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
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Related Experiment Video

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Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring
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[Current issues on gastroesophageal reflux disease].

Jie-Hyun Kim1, Beom Jin Kim2, Sang Wook Kim3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe Chi
|September 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) management has advanced, yet challenging cases like refractory GERD and extraesophageal symptoms persist. This article reviews current GERD issues for clinicians.

Keywords:
DiagnosisGastroesophageal refluxPathophysiologyTherapeutics

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Internal Medicine

Context:

  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder.
  • Significant advancements in understanding GERD pathophysiology and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) development have occurred.
  • GERD diagnosis and treatment approaches have evolved considerably over the last decade.

Purpose:

  • To discuss current challenges and issues in the management of GERD.
  • To address the evolving spectrum of GERD, including refractory cases and extraesophageal manifestations.
  • To provide clarity on optimal approaches for complex GERD patients.

Summary:

  • GERD remains a common gastrointestinal problem with evolving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • Proton pump inhibitors have revolutionized GERD treatment, but challenges persist.
  • Refractory GERD and extraesophageal symptoms present complex clinical scenarios requiring further discussion.

Impact:

  • Improved understanding of GERD pathophysiology.
  • Enhanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for GERD.
  • Guidance for clinicians managing complex and challenging GERD presentations.