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Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
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Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
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Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon...
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Updated: Apr 23, 2026

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Topographic cell instructive patterns to control cell adhesion, polarization and migration.

Maurizio Ventre1, Carlo Fortunato Natale2, Carmela Rianna1

  • 1Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biomaterials, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
|September 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular behavior, including adhesion and migration, can be precisely controlled by engineering surface topography and chemistry. Tuning feature dimensions guides cell sensing and focal adhesion formation for predictable cellular responses.

Keywords:
cell adhesioncell migrationfocal adhesionstopographic patterns

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Topographic patterns influence cellular functions like adhesion, migration, and differentiation.
  • Optimal methods for delivering precise topographic signals to cells remain undefined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if topographic patterns can control cell sensing and adhesion machinery by tuning feature intervals to characteristic lengths of filopodial probing and focal adhesions (FAs).
  • To determine the impact of feature separation distances on cell adhesion and polarization.
  • To explore the interplay between topographic patterns, surface chemistry, and FA maturation.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of micropatterned surfaces with varied feature dimensions and adhesive properties.
  • Selective interference with filopodial sensing and adhesion maturation.
  • Analysis of cell adhesion, elongation, and migration in response to engineered surfaces.

Main Results:

  • Cell adhesion and polarization are dependent on FA growth, influenced by surface chemistry.
  • Topographic patterns and chemical properties can interfere with FA growth, leading to unstable adhesions.
  • Tuning topographic feature dimensions and surface chemistry allows potent control over cell adhesion, elongation, and migration.

Conclusions:

  • Surface topography and chemistry are critical factors in controlling cellular adhesion, elongation, and migration.
  • Precise control over cellular processes can be achieved by engineering micro-topographic features and surface chemistry.
  • This study provides a framework for designing surfaces that guide cellular behavior through controlled physical and chemical cues.