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Subjective memory complaints (SMCs) in older adults predict future cognitive impairment and Alzheimer-type brain pathology. Monitoring SMCs is crucial for early detection of cognitive decline.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Subjective memory complaints (SMCs) are common in older adults.
  • The predictive value of SMCs for cognitive impairment and neuropathology requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess subjective memory complaints (SMCs) as a predictor of cognitive impairment in older individuals.
  • To account for risk factors and neuropathologies associated with SMCs.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 531 cognitively intact older adults were monitored annually for memory changes.
  • Multistate modeling estimated the timing of cognitive impairment transition, adjusting for risk factors and death.
  • Autopsies of 243 participants assessed the association between SMCs and Alzheimer-type neuropathology.

Main Results:

  • Over half (55.7%) of participants reported SMCs, associated with a 2.8-fold increased risk of impairment.
  • SMC reporters with APOE ε4 allele had double the odds of impairment.
  • SMCs correlated with elevated neuritic amyloid plaques, even in individuals without diagnosed cognitive impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Subjective memory complaints (SMCs) are significant indicators of future cognitive decline and underlying Alzheimer-type pathology.
  • Physicians should actively inquire about and monitor SMCs in older patients as potential harbingers of cognitive impairment.