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Cyclical vomiting syndrome: Recognition, assessment and management
Michelle Ln Tan1, Maria Janelle Liwanag1, Seng Hock Quak1
1Michelle LN Tan, Maria Janelle Liwanag, Seng Hock Quak, Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics
|September 26, 2014
Summary
Cyclical vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a debilitating childhood disorder causing intense vomiting and nausea. Diagnosis is by exclusion, and treatment focuses on prevention and symptom management.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Gastroenterology
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Background:
- Cyclical vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder significantly impacting children's quality of life.
- CVS episodes are characterized by severe, stereotypical vomiting, often accompanied by intense nausea.
- Precipitating factors include stress, infections, sleep deprivation, and dietary triggers, complicating diagnosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of cyclical vomiting syndrome in children.
- To highlight diagnostic challenges and common investigations.
- To discuss current and potential therapeutic strategies for CVS management.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders, focusing on CVS.
- Analysis of diagnostic criteria and exclusion methods for CVS.
- Overview of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment approaches.
Main Results:
- CVS diagnosis in children is often challenging, relying on exclusion of other conditions.
- Metabolic investigations (plasma and urine profiles) are crucial to rule out inborn errors.
- Treatment strategies encompass abortive, supportive, and prophylactic measures, including non-pharmacological therapies.
Conclusions:
- Cyclical vomiting syndrome is a complex pediatric disorder requiring a multi-faceted diagnostic and management approach.
- Further research into CVS pathogenesis and the role of non-pharmacological therapies is warranted.
- Improved understanding can lead to better patient outcomes and reduced healthcare utilization.
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