Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

3.2K
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
3.2K
Respiratory Volumes01:15

Respiratory Volumes

2.9K
Respiratory volumes are crucial metrics, meticulously measured to quantify the air exchanged in and out of the lungs during various phases of the breathing cycle. These precise measurements are vital for assessing lung function, diagnosing respiratory conditions, and monitoring overall respiratory health. Each parameter provides specific insights into the mechanics of breathing and the functional capacity of the lungs.
Tidal Volume (TV) Tidal volume (TV) is the air inhaled or exhaled in a...
2.9K
Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling01:26

Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling

1.3K
During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance.
1.3K
Nature and Nurture01:10

Nature and Nurture

19.4K
Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience,...
19.4K
Factors Affecting Respiration01:24

Factors Affecting Respiration

8.7K
Respiration is a crucial physiological function involving exchanging oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between an organism and its environment. Various factors can impact this essential process:
8.7K
Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation02:32

Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation

24.5K
In the field of psychology, there are several ways to organize measurements of a trait, feature, or characteristic (i.e., variables). Qualitative data, such as ethnicity, can be tabulated into a frequency count to provide information about the proportion, as well as the variety of groups in a sample or population. On the other hand, researchers can perform a wider set of calculations on quantitative data. The mean, mode, and median, for instance, are central tendency measures to identify a...
24.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Impact of asthma or respiratory symptoms on work-functioning impairment among Japanese workers: The Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Study.

Respiratory investigation·2026
Same author

Breaking up Prolonged Sitting Times and Mental Health Among Japanese Workers: A Cross-sectional Study.

Journal of occupational and environmental medicine·2025
Same author

Seventeen-year cumulative incidence of airflow limitation and lung function decline in two independent cohorts: The Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto study.

Respiratory investigation·2025
Same author

Importance of early detection and treatment of occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Journal of occupational health·2025
Same author

Association Between Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians and Airflow Limitation in Japanese Post-Menopausal Women.

International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease·2024
Same author

Assessment of exposure and DNA damage from second-hand smoke using potential biomarker in urine: cigarettes and heated tobacco products.

Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition·2023
Same journal

The effect of a two-day stay at high altitude (2500 m) on right ventricular afterload and oxygen delivery in patients with pulmonary vascular disease A randomized controlled crossover trial.

Chest·2026
Same journal

A Comparative Study of Radiation Exposure in Conventional and Robotic Bronchoscopy.

Chest·2026
Same journal

Independent Prognostic Contributions of Anti-Ro52 and Anti-MDA5 in Autoimmune-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease.

Chest·2026
Same journal

Lung aeration and gas exchange in SGA or AGA infants with moderate-severe BPD: secondary analysis of the PATH-BPD study.

Chest·2026
Same journal

Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality after Negative Low-Dose CT Screening Results.

Chest·2026
Same journal

Symptom prevalence and impact on lung cancer risk in the SUMMIT study.

Chest·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Employing the Forced Oscillation Technique for the Assessment of Respiratory Mechanics in Adults
06:11

Employing the Forced Oscillation Technique for the Assessment of Respiratory Mechanics in Adults

Published on: February 9, 2022

9.2K

Secular changes in relative leg length confound height-based spirometric reference values.

Philip H Quanjer1, Masaru Kubota2, Hirosuke Kobayashi3

  • 1Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Chest
|September 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Secular changes in body proportions, specifically the Cormic index, significantly impact lung function (FEV1 and FVC) reference models. Japanese spirometry data show variations explained by body frame changes over time.

More Related Videos

Clinical Efficacy of Ultrasound-Assisted Scoliosis-Specific Exercise in Mild-Grade Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
07:01

Clinical Efficacy of Ultrasound-Assisted Scoliosis-Specific Exercise in Mild-Grade Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Published on: December 2, 2025

570
Author Spotlight: Assessing the Reliability of Doppler Ultrasound in Measuring Leg Blood Flow
09:18

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Reliability of Doppler Ultrasound in Measuring Leg Blood Flow

Published on: December 15, 2023

3.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Employing the Forced Oscillation Technique for the Assessment of Respiratory Mechanics in Adults
06:11

Employing the Forced Oscillation Technique for the Assessment of Respiratory Mechanics in Adults

Published on: February 9, 2022

9.2K
Clinical Efficacy of Ultrasound-Assisted Scoliosis-Specific Exercise in Mild-Grade Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
07:01

Clinical Efficacy of Ultrasound-Assisted Scoliosis-Specific Exercise in Mild-Grade Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Published on: December 2, 2025

570
Author Spotlight: Assessing the Reliability of Doppler Ultrasound in Measuring Leg Blood Flow
09:18

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Reliability of Doppler Ultrasound in Measuring Leg Blood Flow

Published on: December 15, 2023

3.0K

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Anthropometry
  • Population Health

Background:

  • Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) spirometric reference models do not universally fit all ethnic groups.
  • Discrepancies in lung function data may stem from secular changes in body proportions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the extent to which secular changes in body proportions explain discrepancies in spirometric reference values.
  • To assess the impact of body frame variations on pulmonary function in a Japanese population.

Main Methods:

  • Compared FEV1 and FVC from 20,336 healthy Japanese subjects (aged 17-95) with GLI-2012 European reference values.
  • Analyzed the sitting height/standing height ratio (Cormic index) in successive birth cohorts from 1949-2012 to track secular changes in body frame.
  • Correlated cohort-specific Cormic index with pulmonary function to determine the effect of body frame variation.

Main Results:

  • Japanese subjects exhibited lower FEV1 and FVC than GLI-2012 European values, with values decreasing until age 35-40 and then increasing in the elderly.
  • The Cormic index showed fluctuations, rising until 1942, falling to a nadir in the 1970s, and rising again until 1995.
  • Differences in Cormic index between birth cohorts explained nearly half of the spirometric variability from predicted values.

Conclusions:

  • Improving health conditions in low-income countries may lead to increased height and altered relative leg length, similar to observed changes in Japan.
  • These body frame changes necessitate periodic updates to height-based prediction equations for pulmonary function in evolving populations.