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Related Concept Videos

Leishmaniasis01:30

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
Malaria01:29

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Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...
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American Trypanosomiasis

Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...
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Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...

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MIF contributes to Trypanosoma brucei associated immunopathogenicity development.

Benoît Stijlemans1, Lin Leng2, Lea Brys1

  • 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium; Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium.

Plos Pathogens
|September 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Macrophage migrating inhibitory factor (MIF) drives inflammation and organ damage in African trypanosomiasis. Targeting MIF could treat this debilitating disease by reducing anemia and liver injury.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pathology
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • African trypanosomiasis causes significant health and economic burdens.
  • Pathogenicity involves persistent inflammation, with M1-type myeloid cells and Ly6C(high) monocytes playing key roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of macrophage migrating inhibitory factor (MIF) in the immunopathogenicity of African trypanosomiasis.
  • To evaluate MIF as a potential therapeutic target for trypanosomiasis.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative gene analysis in trypanosusceptible and trypanotolerant animals.
  • Utilized MIF-deficient mice and anti-MIF antibody treatment in a Trypanosoma brucei infection model.
  • Assessed inflammatory responses, immune cell recruitment, liver injury, anemia, erythropoiesis, and red blood cell clearance.

Main Results:

  • MIF mediates pathogenic inflammation, increasing inflammatory monocyte and neutrophil recruitment, leading to liver injury.
  • Neutrophil-derived MIF significantly contributes to liver TNF production and injury.
  • MIF deficiency reduced anemia by improving iron availability, erythropoiesis, and reducing red blood cell clearance.

Conclusions:

  • MIF is a key mediator of anemia and liver injury in experimental trypanosomiasis.
  • MIF inhibition presents a promising therapeutic strategy for trypanosomiasis-associated immunopathogenicity.