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Histological effects and localization of dissolved microcystins LR and LW in the mayfly Ecdyonurus angelieri Thomas
Sergio Liarte1, Nicolás Ubero-Pascal2, Alfonsa García-Ayala1
1Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Murcia, Spain.
Abstract:
The ability of microcystins (MCs), the main group of cyanotoxins, to affect the physiological processes and tissues of insects has received little attention. Fresh water dissolved MCs represent one of the main sources of cyanotoxins. In the experiment described herein, captured wild mayfly Ecdyonurus angelieri Thomas, 1968 larvae were exposed to 5 ppb of two distinct microcystins, MC-LR and MC-LW, in separate assays. Evidence of induced mortality, MCs bioaccumulation and severe histological damage affecting fat body and alterations in the tracheal system were evident. Our results reveal the acute sensitivity of the mayfly E. angelieri to MCS, which may serve as early indicators or cyanotoxins production and the quality of freshwater streams.
Insights
Mayfly larvae exposed to microcystins (MCs) showed high mortality and tissue damage. This highlights mayflies as sensitive indicators of cyanotoxin pollution in freshwater ecosystems.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Toxicology
- Aquatic Entomology
- Ecotoxicology
Background:
- Microcystins (MCs) are prevalent cyanotoxins in freshwater.
- Limited research exists on the physiological effects of MCs on insects.
- Dissolved MCs in water are a primary exposure route for aquatic organisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the toxic effects of MC-LR and MC-LW on mayfly larvae.
- To assess MC bioaccumulation and histological damage in Ecdyonurus angelieri.
- To evaluate the potential of E. angelieri as an indicator species for cyanotoxin contamination.
Main Methods:
- Wild mayfly larvae (Ecdyonurus angelieri) were exposed to 5 ppb of MC-LR or MC-LW.
- Mortality rates were recorded.
- Histological examination of fat body and tracheal system was performed, alongside MC bioaccumulation analysis.
Main Results:
- Exposure to both MC-LR and MC-LW induced significant mortality in mayfly larvae.
- Evidence of MC bioaccumulation was observed.
- Severe histological damage occurred in the fat body, and alterations were noted in the tracheal system.
Conclusions:
- Ecdyonurus angelieri larvae exhibit acute sensitivity to microcystins.
- Mayflies can serve as valuable early warning indicators of cyanotoxin presence.
- This study underscores the ecological risk of cyanotoxins in freshwater environments.
