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Sex differences in neocortical structure and cognitive performance: A surface-based morphometry study.

Sergio Escorial1, Francisco J Román2, Kenia Martínez3

  • 1Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.

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|September 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Men generally have larger brain structures like cortical thickness and surface area than women. However, these brain differences did not correlate with cognitive performance in either sex.

Keywords:
CognitionCortical gray matter volumeCortical surface areaCortical thicknessSex differences

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Human Anatomy

Background:

  • Previous research indicates sex-based differences in brain volume, often using voxel-based morphometry (VBM).
  • Surface-based morphometry (SBM) studies have primarily focused on cortical thickness (CT).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex differences in global and regional brain structure using SBM.
  • To examine the relationship between brain structure (CT, cortical surface area [CSA], cortical gray matter volume [CGMV]) and cognitive performance in men and women.

Main Methods:

  • Applied SBM to analyze CT, CSA, and CGMV in 40 men and 40 women.
  • Participants were matched for performance on cognitive tasks assessing processing speed, attention, working memory, and fluid intelligence.

Main Results:

  • Cortical thickness and surface area showed weak correlations within each sex.
  • Men exhibited larger CT, CSA, and CGMV compared to women.
  • No significant relationship was found between brain structural measures and cognitive performance within sexes.

Conclusions:

  • Substantial sex differences exist in brain structure (CT, CSA, CGMV).
  • Cognitive performance is independent of these observed brain structural variations, both between and within sexes.