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Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
Published on: March 12, 2021
Physical examination of the shoulder
Joseph J King1, Thomas W Wright1
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
Abstract:
This article summarizes the overall assessment of the shoulder joint and seeks to help direct clinicians to diagnose shoulder pathology using standard and specific physical examinations. The history and standard examination can prompt the examiner to focus on specific tests to further evaluate the shoulder and limit the differential diagnoses. An appropriate and directed shoulder physical examination allows the clinician to focus on further diagnostic strategies and treatment options for the patient.
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