Factors influencing pacing in triathlon

Area of Science:

• Sports Science
• Exercise Physiology
• Multisport Research

Background:

• Triathlon involves sequential swim, cycle, and run disciplines.
• Effective pacing is crucial for performance across various triathlon distances.
• Current research predominantly focuses on Olympic-distance triathlon, with limited data on other formats.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze pacing strategies employed by athletes in different triathlon distances.
• To identify and discuss factors influencing pacing within each triathlon discipline.
• To address the gap in literature concerning pacing in sprint, half-Ironman, and Ironman distances.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing studies on triathlon pacing.
• Analysis of pacing strategies across sprint, Olympic, half-Ironman, and Ironman distances.
• Exploration of intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting pacing.

Main Results:

• Pacing strategies vary significantly with triathlon distance.
• Physiological, environmental, and interdisciplinary factors influence pacing decisions.
• Limited research exists on pacing in non-Olympic distances and its influencing factors.

Conclusions:

• Understanding pacing across all triathlon distances is essential for athlete development.
• Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex factors affecting triathlon pacing.
• This review synthesizes current knowledge and highlights areas for future investigation.