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Dormancy cues alter insect temperature-size relationships.

Sharon F Clemmensen1, Daniel A Hahn

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN, 37996-1610, USA, sclemmen@vols.utk.edu.

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Seasonal cues like photoperiod can alter temperature-size relationships in insects. Dormant corn earworm pupae (Helicoverpa zea) grew larger and fatter at warmer temperatures, highlighting nutrient allocation

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Insect Physiology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Developmental temperatures significantly impact ectotherm body size.
  • Temperature-size relationships are often studied without considering seasonality, particularly dormancy.
  • The role of seasonal dormancy in shaping thermal plasticity of body size is underappreciated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how photoperiodic seasonal dormancy programming affects the temperature-size relationship in Helicoverpa zea.
  • To partition the contributions of somatic growth and nutrient storage (fat) to the thermal reaction norm for size.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the corn earworm moth (Helicoverpa zea) as a model organism.
  • Examined the effects of photoperiod-induced pupal diapause on temperature-size relationships.
  • Differentiated between somatic growth and fat storage in body size determination.

Main Results:

  • Increasing temperatures (16 °C to 20 °C) resulted in larger and fatter dormant pupae compared to non-dormant ones.
  • This increased body mass in dormant pupae is likely due to higher food consumption and extended development times.
  • Seasonal photoperiodic cues were shown to modify temperature-size relationships during pre-dormancy development.

Conclusions:

  • Seasonal photoperiods can significantly alter how temperature influences body size in insects.
  • Understanding temperature-size relationships requires integrating seasonal cues and body composition (e.g., nutrient allocation).
  • Future research should consider multiple seasonal factors and aspects of body size for a comprehensive view.