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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
Cardiac Catheterization IV: Nursing Management01:26

Cardiac Catheterization IV: Nursing Management

Nursing responsibilities before cardiac catheterization include:Assess for allergies and establish baseline health status.Before cardiac catheterization, assess the patient for allergies to contrast dye. Perform a comprehensive baseline assessment, including vital signs, heart and breath sounds, and a neurovascular assessment of the extremities, noting distal pulses, skin color, and temperature. Instruct the patient to fast for 8-12 hours before the procedure. Evaluate baseline laboratory...

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Human In-Vivo Bioassay for the Tissue-Specific Measurement of Nociceptive and Inflammatory Mediators
08:54

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Intradermal lidocaine or bacteriostatic normal saline to decrease pain before intravenous catheter insertion: a

Kathleen S Oman, Regina Fink, Catherine Kleiner

    Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing : Official Journal of the American Society of Perianesthesia Nurses
    |September 28, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Lidocaine is more effective than bacteriostatic normal saline (BaNS) for reducing pain during peripheral intravenous catheter insertion in adults. This finding is based on a meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials.

    Keywords:
    intravenous catheter insertionlidocainemeta-analysisnormal saline

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    Area of Science:

    • Anesthesiology
    • Pain Management
    • Evidence-Based Practice

    Background:

    • Peripheral intravenous catheter insertion is a common procedure associated with patient discomfort.
    • Previous studies on anesthetics for pain reduction during cannulation yielded inconsistent results.
    • Lidocaine and bacteriostatic normal saline (BaNS) are commonly considered for pain management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the comparative effectiveness of lidocaine versus BaNS in alleviating pain during peripheral intravenous catheter cannulation in adults.
    • To provide evidence-based insights for clinical practice regarding anesthetic choice for IV insertion.

    Main Methods:

    • A systematic meta-analysis was conducted.
    • Searches were performed across major databases including PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, ProQuest, and Web of Science.
    • Thirteen randomized controlled trials involving 1,559 adult patients were analyzed.

    Main Results:

    • Lidocaine demonstrated significantly greater effectiveness in pain relief compared to BaNS.
    • The mean effect size (z) was 0.46 (95% CI: 0.24-0.68), indicating a statistically significant benefit for lidocaine (P < .001).
    • The average sample size across the included studies was approximately 120 patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Lidocaine is a more effective analgesic than BaNS for peripheral IV cannulation.
    • Clinical decisions should also consider practical factors such as cost-effectiveness and potential drug availability issues (e.g., lidocaine shortages).