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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

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Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
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Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Author Spotlight: Achieving High-Purity In Vitro Differentiation of Th17 Cells Using Cytokine Concentration Modulation
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Author Spotlight: Achieving High-Purity In Vitro Differentiation of Th17 Cells Using Cytokine Concentration Modulation

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Th17 differentiation and their pro-inflammation function.

Xinyang Song1, Hanchao Gao, Youcun Qian

  • 1The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|September 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CD4(+) T helper cells, including Th17 cells, are crucial in inflammatory diseases. This chapter details Th17 cell differentiation and their impact on disease pathogenesis, moving beyond the traditional Th1/Th2 model.

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Author Spotlight: Achieving High-Purity In Vitro Differentiation of Th17 Cells Using Cytokine Concentration Modulation
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • CD4(+) T helper cells are key immune regulators.
  • Classical Th1/Th2 paradigm is evolving.
  • New subsets like Th17, Treg, and Tfh cells have emerged.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Summarize current knowledge on Th17 cell differentiation.
  • Elucidate the role of Th17 cells in inflammatory diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature.
  • Analysis of differentiation pathways.
  • Assessment of effector functions.

Main Results:

  • Th17 cells represent a distinct lineage.
  • Th17 cells significantly contribute to inflammatory pathogenesis.
  • Understanding Th17 differentiation is critical for disease management.

Conclusions:

  • The Th17 lineage plays a vital role in immune responses.
  • Further research into Th17 cells can lead to novel therapeutic strategies for inflammatory conditions.