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Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Characterization of Molecular Mechanisms of In vivo UVR Induced Cataract
Published on: November 28, 2012
Unfolded protein response activation in cataracts
Beatriz E Torres-Bernal1, Luis Fernando Torres-Bernal1, Rafael R Gutiérrez-Campos1
1From Inova Vision Quirurgica (B.E. Torres-Bernal, L.F. Torres-Bernal), the Departamento de Química (Gutiérrez-Campos) and the Departamento de Morfología (Ventura-Juárez), Centro de Ciencias Básicas, the Departamento de Optometría (Barba-Gallardo) and Departamento de Cirurgia (L.F. Torres-Bernal), Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y de Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (Kershenobich Stalnikowitz), Mexico City, and CODET (Chayet), Vision Institute, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.
The unfolded protein response (UPR) factors, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), are present in human cataracts. Their increased expression in diabetic cataracts suggests UPR
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Cataractogenesis involves lens fiber disorganization.
- The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular stress pathway.
- GRP78 and ATF6 are key UPR mediators.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the expression of GRP78 and ATF6 in age-related and diabetes-associated cataracts.
- To determine the role of UPR in cataract formation.
Main Methods:
- Immunofluorescence and immunogold labeling were used to detect GRP78 and ATF6 in human lens samples.
- Quantitative morphometry analyzed protein expression differences.
- Senile cataracts, diabetic cataracts, and normal lenses were compared.
Main Results:
- GRP78 and ATF6 were detected in senile and diabetic cataracts, but not in normal lenses.
- Diabetic cataracts showed significantly higher GRP78 (30%) and ATF6 (35%) expression than senile cataracts.
- Lens fibers exhibited misalignment and disorganization in cataractous lenses.
Conclusions:
- GRP78 and ATF6 are present in human senile and diabetic cataracts.
- The UPR is implicated in the pathogenesis of cataractogenesis.
- This study provides the first human evidence of UPR involvement in cataract development.
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