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Structural brain differences in alcohol-dependent individuals with and without comorbid substance dependence.

Anderson Mon1, Timothy C Durazzo2, Christoph Abe3

  • 1Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; School of Applied Sciences and Statistics, Koforidua Polytechnic, Ghana.

Drug and Alcohol Dependence
|September 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Polysubstance users (PSU) show larger white matter volumes, while alcohol-dependent individuals (ALC) exhibit gray matter loss. These distinct brain structure differences in abstinent individuals suggest varied treatment needs.

Keywords:
Alcohol use disorderBrain structureMRINeurocognitionPolysubstance use disorderSubstance use disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuroscience
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Over 50% of individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUD) also use other substances.
  • Brain structural abnormalities in alcohol dependence may involve co-occurring substance use.
  • This study investigates brain structure differences between alcohol-dependent individuals with and without other substance use dependence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess differences in brain regional tissue volumes.
  • To compare alcohol-dependent individuals (ALC) with polysubstance users (PSU) and light drinkers (LD).
  • To explore the functional relevance of structural differences through neurocognitive correlations.

Main Methods:

  • 1.5 T MRI scans of 1-month abstinent PSU (n=19), ALC (n=40), and LD (n=27).
  • Automated segmentation of T1-weighted images for gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes.
  • MANOVA for group differences in normalized lobar and subcortical volumes; correlation with neurocognition.

Main Results:

  • PSU had significantly larger normalized WM volumes than ALC across all lobes.
  • PSU showed larger frontal/parietal WM and smaller temporal GM, lenticular, and thalamic nuclei than LD.
  • ALC exhibited smaller GM volumes (frontal, parietal, temporal), thalamic GM, cerebellar volumes, and larger sulcal CSF than LD.

Conclusions:

  • One-month abstinent ALC and PSU display distinct patterns of brain structural abnormalities.
  • PSU show larger lobar WM volumes without widespread GM loss, contrasting with GM atrophy in ALC.
  • Identified structural differences may necessitate tailored treatment approaches for specific brain abnormalities.