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Neuronal expression of SOX2 is enriched in specific hypothalamic cell groups.

Sarah Hoefflin1, David A Carter1

  • 1School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.

Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy
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PubMed
Summary

The transcription factor SOX2 is highly expressed in adult rat and mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) neurons, suggesting a role in maintaining their function and daily rhythm regulation.

Keywords:
HypothalamusPeriventricular nucleusSox2Subfornical organSuprachiasmatic nucleusTranscription factor

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Chronobiology

Background:

  • SOX2 is a key transcription factor in neural development.
  • Its role in the adult brain, particularly in the hypothalamus, is less understood.
  • Previous research suggested limited SOX2 activity in the adult brain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression and localization of SOX2 in the adult rodent hypothalamus.
  • To determine if SOX2 is present in mature neurons within specific hypothalamic nuclei.
  • To explore potential novel roles of SOX2 in adult neuronal function.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemical analysis of SOX2 expression in adult rat and mouse hypothalamus.
  • Co-localization studies using neuronal markers (NeuN, MeCP2) and activity markers (EGR1).
  • Examination of SOX2 expression in both neuronal and non-neuronal cell populations.

Main Results:

  • SOX2 protein is extensively expressed in mature neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).
  • SOX2+ neurons in the SCN show functional integrity, confirmed by co-localization with light-induced EGR1.
  • Novel populations of SOX2+ non-neuronal cells were identified in the subfornical organ (SFO).
  • SOX2 expression was also noted in the periventricular nucleus (PeN) but was rare in other hypothalamic areas.

Conclusions:

  • SOX2 is significantly expressed in adult SCN neurons, challenging the notion of its limited adult brain activity.
  • SOX2 may be a common regulatory factor maintaining the 'immature' neuronal phenotype observed in SCN neurons.
  • The conserved expression of SOX2 in the SCN across species suggests a critical role in regulating daily physiological rhythms.