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Author Spotlight: Advancing Intestinal Bacteria Cultivation for Poultry
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The chicken gastrointestinal microbiome.

Brian B Oakley1, Hyun S Lillehoj, Michael H Kogut

  • 1Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA.

FEMS Microbiology Letters
|September 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The chicken gut microbiome, dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroides, offers functional redundancy crucial for host health. Understanding this complex microbial community can improve poultry nutrition and disease management.

Keywords:
16S rRNAfood safetymetagenomicsmicrobiomepoultry

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Animal Science
  • Poultry Science

Background:

  • The domestic chicken serves as a vital model organism for human biological research and a cornerstone of the global protein industry.
  • Recent advancements highlight the significant role of microbiomes in host health and disease.
  • The chicken gastrointestinal microbiome is a complex community influencing host well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the current knowledge on the chicken gastrointestinal microbiome.
  • To focus on spatial and temporal variability, human pathogens, immune system influence, and nutritional importance.
  • To discuss implications of functional redundancy for microbiome management.

Main Methods:

  • Review and meta-analysis of publicly available microbiome data.
  • Analysis of taxonomic composition at phylum and finer resolution levels.
  • Inference of microbial metabolic functions from metagenomic data.

Main Results:

  • Cecal microbial communities are predominantly composed of Firmicutes and Bacteroides at the phylum level.
  • A phylogenetically diverse microbial assemblage exhibits similar metabolic functions, providing host benefits.
  • Functional redundancy within the chicken gut microbiome was observed.

Conclusions:

  • The functional redundancy in the chicken gut microbiome has significant implications for its management.
  • Future strategies may involve managing the intestinal microbiota for improved gut health in commercial poultry.
  • Advances include alternatives to subtherapeutic antibiotics, enhanced pre- and probiotics, and better control of pathogens.