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Methods of Sterilization I: Physical Methods

Methods of Sterilization I: Physical Methods

As used in a healthcare facility, sterilization destroys all microorganisms through physical or chemical methods. The physical method includes steam, dry heat, boiling water, and radiation.
Steam sterilization uses non-toxic, low-cost moist heat in the form of saturated steam under pressure, which is fast, microbicidal, and sporicidal, and quickly warms and penetrates fabrics. Autoclaves, or steam sterilizers, expose each item to direct steam contact for a predetermined time at the necessary...

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration

Radiation and filtration are essential tools for microbial control, targeting microorganisms through distinct mechanisms. Radiation eliminates microbes by damaging their DNA, either killing them or inhibiting their growth. Based on wavelength, radiation is classified into two types: nonionizing and ionizing radiation.Non-ionizing radiation, such as UV radiation (200–400 nm), is absorbed by DNA, causing defects that effectively disinfect surfaces, air, and water, including safety cabinets.

Methods of Sterilization II: Chemical Methods

Methods of Sterilization II: Chemical Methods

In healthcare, the chemical method of sterilization uses chemical sterilants to treat surgical instruments and medical supplies to help prevent the transmission of infectious pathogens to patients. Due to heat sensitivity, most medical supplies and equipment should not be exposed to high temperatures. These parts include rubber, plastic, glass, and other similar elements.
Using chemical sterilization rather than heat to clean out equipment is recommended. It eradicates and removes all bacteria,...

Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection

Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection

Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are the methods that help to break the infection chain and prevent disease.
Cleaning
The cleaning process usually involves using water with detergents or enzymatic cleaner and removing foreign material from objects and surfaces, including organic material such as body fluids or inorganic material like soil. Cleaning is performed before high-level disinfection and sterilization because foreign materials on the cover of the devices interfere with process...

UV–Vis Spectrometers

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature

Heat is a widely used method to control microbial growth by targeting and denaturing cellular proteins, thereby killing or inactivating microbes. This method's effectiveness is quantified using parameters such as the thermal death point (TDP), thermal death time (TDT), and decimal reduction time (D value). TDP represents the lowest temperature at which all microorganisms in a liquid suspension are eliminated within 10 minutes, whereas TDT is the time necessary to achieve sterilization at a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Inactivation of Pathogens via Visible-Light Photolysis of Riboflavin-5′-Phosphate

Inactivation of Pathogens via Visible-Light Photolysis of Riboflavin-5′-Phosphate

Published on: April 6, 2022

Vegetable surface sterilization system using UVA light-emitting diodes.

Mutsumi Aihara¹, Xin Lian, Takaaki Shimohata

¹Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School.

The Journal of Medical Investigation : JMI

|September 30, 2014

Summary

Ultra Violet A-Light Emitting Diode (UVA-LED) offers a safe and effective method for sterilizing fresh produce surfaces. This technology significantly reduces bacteria without compromising vegetable quality or vitamin content.

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Area of Science:

Food Science
Microbiology
Biotechnology

Background:

The food industry requires effective surface sterilization methods for fresh produce.
Existing methods may impact produce quality or be costly.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate a novel Ultra Violet A-Light Emitting Diode (UVA-LED) system for surface sterilization of fresh produce.
To assess the safety and efficacy of UVA-LED treatment on bacterial inactivation and produce quality.

Main Methods:

Escherichia coli DH5α was inoculated onto vegetable tissues and treated with UVA-LED.
Bacterial quantification was performed using colony-forming assays.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analyzed vitamin C content, and weight changes were monitored at various temperatures.

Main Results:

UVA-LED treatment inactivated bacteria, with efficacy increasing with irradiation time (log survival ratio of -3.23 after 90 min).
Surviving bacteria exhibited slower growth.
No significant negative impact on cabbage tissue weight or Vitamin C content was observed compared to controls.

Conclusions:

UVA-LED technology presents a safe, cost-effective, and harmless solution for fresh produce surface sterilization.
This method shows significant potential for application in the food manufacturing and processing industry.