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Related Concept Videos

Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

7.6K
Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
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IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

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Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
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Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers

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Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
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What are Second Messengers?01:12

What are Second Messengers?

66.1K
Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second messenger on the inside. There are several second messenger pathways, each with their own way of relaying information. G-protein coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol path is active when the receptor induces phospholipase C to hydrolyze the phospholipid,...
66.1K
Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

12.1K
Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
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Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry

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Phosphoinositides in endocytosis.

York Posor1, Marielle Eichhorn-Grünig1, Volker Haucke1

  • 1Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|September 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Phosphoinositides (PIs) regulate fundamental cellular processes like clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Their precise synthesis and conversion are crucial for cell physiology and preventing diseases linked to PI-metabolizing enzyme mutations.

Keywords:
CLIC/GEECClathrinEndocytosisEndosomePhosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphatePhosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate

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Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes
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Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes

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Radiolabeling and Quantification of Cellular Levels of Phosphoinositides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled Flow Scintillation
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Radiolabeling and Quantification of Cellular Levels of Phosphoinositides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled Flow Scintillation

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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
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Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes
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Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes

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Radiolabeling and Quantification of Cellular Levels of Phosphoinositides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled Flow Scintillation
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Radiolabeling and Quantification of Cellular Levels of Phosphoinositides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled Flow Scintillation

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Endocytic pathway trafficking is essential for cellular function.
  • Phosphoinositides (PIs) are key regulators of endocytosis.
  • Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is a well-studied endocytic mechanism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of PI metabolism in CME.
  • To explain how PIs regulate endocytic pathway progression.
  • To highlight the link between PI conversion and human diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PI metabolism and endocytosis.
  • Analysis of PI roles in clathrin-coated pit formation and maturation.
  • Discussion of PI-converting enzyme mutations and associated pathologies.

Main Results:

  • PI(4,5)P₂ initiates clathrin-coated pit formation.
  • PI(3,4)P₂ generation and PI(4,5)P₂ dephosphorylation regulate vesicle uncoating.
  • PI conversion dynamics are critical for endosomal trafficking.

Conclusions:

  • PIs are central to the spatiotemporal regulation of CME.
  • Dysregulation of PI metabolism by enzyme mutations leads to various diseases.
  • Tight control of PI levels is vital for cellular physiology.