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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Updated: Apr 23, 2026

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CCL21 Chemokine Therapy for Lung Cancer.

Sherven Sharma1, Li Zhu2, Minu K Srivastava2

  • 1Department of Medicine, UCLA Lung Cancer Research Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA ; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA ; Molecular Gene Medicine Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

International Trends in Immunity
|September 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary

New lung cancer immunotherapy using dendritic cells (DC) engineered to express CCL21 shows promise. This approach enhances immune activity and reduces tumors, offering a potential new strategy for treating lung cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Lung cancer presents a significant global health challenge with high mortality rates.
  • Current treatments for lung cancer often result in frequent relapses, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Existing therapies can be enhanced by integrating immune system-based approaches to target tumors more effectively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of restoring immune cell activity within the lung tumor microenvironment.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of intratumoral administration of dendritic cells (DC) modified to express CCL21 (secondary lymphoid chemokine).
  • To assess a novel immunotherapy approach for lung cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experience with restoring antigen-presenting cell (APC) and T cell activities.
  • Intratumoral administration of dendritic cells (DC) engineered to express CCL21.
  • Initiation of a phase I clinical trial involving intratumoral injection of CCL21 gene-modified autologous DC in lung cancer patients.

Main Results:

  • CCL21 demonstrated effectiveness as an anti-cancer agent in pre-clinical lung tumor models.
  • Phase I clinical trial results indicate the approach is tolerable.
  • Evidence of immune enhancement and tumor shrinkage observed in the clinical trial.

Conclusions:

  • Intratumoral administration of CCL21-expressing dendritic cells is a potentially viable immunotherapy for lung cancer.
  • This strategy shows promise in enhancing anti-tumor immune responses and achieving tumor regression.
  • Further clinical investigation is warranted to establish the full therapeutic potential of this approach.