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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

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DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
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Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

35
DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
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Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

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Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration...
24
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

1.7K
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
1.7K
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

11
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats
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Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetes and Glaucoma: A Complex Relationship Reviewed.

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This review explores the link between diabetes mellitus and open-angle glaucoma (OAG). While both conditions involve vascular issues, their exact relationship and impact on vision remain unclear.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Open-angle glaucoma (OAG) involves retinal ganglion cell death and vision loss.
  • Systemic vascular irregularities are implicated in OAG and diabetes mellitus.
  • The connection between diabetes and OAG is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the precise relationship between diabetes mellitus and open-angle glaucoma.
  • To review studies focusing on vascular contributions to both conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published population-based studies.
  • Focus on studies examining blood flow abnormalities.

Main Results:

  • Vascular factors contribute to both diabetes and OAG.
  • Existing research presents conflicting findings on the association between glaucoma and diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • Despite shared vascular pathogenesis, the link between diabetes and OAG requires further elucidation.
  • Contrasting results highlight the complexity of this association.