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Developmental normative data for the Baron-Hopkins Board test of spatial location memory
Ida Sue Baron1, Crista Hopp1, Brandi A Weiss2
1a Fairfax Neonatal Associates at Inova Fairfax Hospital for Children , Falls Church , VA , USA.
Summary
This study introduces the Baron
Area of Science:
- Developmental Psychology
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Psychology
Background:
- Lack of developmentally appropriate, psychometrically sound, domain-specific tests for preschoolers.
- The Baron's modification of the Hopkins Board test (B-HB) shows promise for assessing spatial memory in young children, including those born prematurely.
- Need for normative data on spatial location learning and recall in typically developing young children.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide initial normative data for the Baron's modification of the Hopkins Board test (B-HB) in typically developing 3- and 6-year-old children.
- To assess the psychometric properties, including reliability and validity, of the B-HB for measuring spatial location memory.
- To investigate potential gender differences in spatial location learning and recall in young children.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of data from 172 typically developing 3-year-olds and 193 typically developing 6-year-olds, all born at term.
- Administration of the Baron's modification of the Hopkins Board test (B-HB) to assess spatial location learning and recall.
- Statistical analysis including assessment of interrater reliability, test-retest reliability, criterion validity (Pearson correlations), and differential functioning from other cognitive tests.
Main Results:
- Statistically significant gender differences were observed in spatial location learning and recall.
- Data stratification of T-scores and percentile ranks are provided for each of the eight B-HB measures.
- The B-HB demonstrated strong interrater reliability (99.5%), acceptable test-retest reliability across the 3-year age span, and criterion validity.
Conclusions:
- The Baron's modification of the Hopkins Board test (B-HB) provides a novel, reliable, and valid measure of spatial location memory in young children.
- Initial normative data are established for typically developing 3- and 6-year-olds, with gender-specific stratification.
- The B-HB shows differential functioning from other selective attention and visuospatial/visuoperceptual tests, highlighting its specificity.
