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Modulating the interference effect on spatial working memory by applying transcranial direct current stimulation over

Yi-Jen Wu1, Philip Tseng2, Chi-Fu Chang3

  • 1Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, #138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, #138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.

Brain and Cognition
|September 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Noninvasive brain stimulation using anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) improved spatial working memory (SWM) performance, especially under high cognitive load and interference.

Keywords:
Corsi Block Tapping taskDorsolateral prefrontal cortexInterference effectSpatial working memoryTop-down controlTranscranial direct current stimulationVisual short-term memoryVisual working memoryVisuospatial working memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Brain Stimulation

Background:

  • Spatial working memory (SWM) is crucial for manipulating information but is susceptible to interference.
  • The precise role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in SWM, particularly in managing interference, remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the right DLPFC in resolving motor interference during SWM using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).
  • To examine how anodal tDCS over the right DLPFC affects SWM capacity and reaction time under varying levels of cognitive demand and interference.

Main Methods:

  • A Corsi Block Tapping task (CBT) with forward and backward recall was employed to assess SWM.
  • A concurrent motor interference task (modified Luria manual sequencing task) was introduced to simulate real-world cognitive challenges.
  • Anodal tDCS was applied over the right DLPFC to modulate neural activity during the SWM tasks.

Main Results:

  • Motor interference significantly impaired SWM accuracy and increased reaction time for both forward and backward recall.
  • Anodal tDCS over the right DLPFC showed a trend towards reducing reaction time in conditions with motor interference.
  • Crucially, anodal tDCS significantly enhanced SWM capacity in the most demanding condition (backward recall with motor interference).

Conclusions:

  • The right DLPFC is vital for mitigating cross-domain motor interference in spatial working memory.
  • Anodal tDCS over the right DLPFC enhances SWM capacity, particularly when complex cognitive manipulations are required, likely by boosting top-down attentional control within the central executive system.