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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

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Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics

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Drug release from modified-release dosage forms is designed to achieve specific therapeutic effects by controlling the rate and extent of drug release. The classification of these drug release systems is based on key pharmacokinetic assumptions: drug disposition follows first-order kinetics, drug release is the rate-limiting step in absorption, and the released drug is rapidly and completely absorbed.There are four major models of drug release patterns. The first model is the slow zero-order...

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

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Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Dissolving Microneedle Array Patches Manufactured By Solvent Casting Technique and Essential Characterization of Microneedle-Based Biomedical Devices

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Active drug release systems: current status, applications and perspectives.

Maxim V Kiryukhin¹

¹Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore.

Current Opinion in Pharmacology

|September 30, 2014

Summary

Responsive microreservoirs offer advanced control over drug delivery. Layer-by-Layer assembled films present a promising material for smart, remotely triggered active drug release systems.

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Drug Delivery Systems
Nanotechnology

Background:

Active drug release systems enable precise control over dosage, timing, and location of drug delivery post-implantation.
Current systems often utilize microreservoirs with stimulus-responsive actuators or valves, with one system reaching human trials.
A significant advancement would involve microreservoirs constructed from materials responsive to external triggers.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the potential of Layer-by-Layer (LbL) assembled films as a responsive material for active implantable drug release systems.
To investigate the feasibility of creating microreservoirs from LbL films that respond to remote triggers for controlled drug elution.

Main Methods:

Review of existing active drug release technologies and their limitations.
Exploration of Layer-by-Layer (LbL) assembly as a fabrication method for responsive microreservoir materials.
Analysis of potential remote triggers and their interaction with LbL film properties for drug release modulation.

Main Results:

Active drug release systems provide significant advantages in managing therapeutic delivery.
Layer-by-Layer (LbL) assembled films are currently used in passive drug delivery but hold potential for active systems.
Responsive microreservoirs made from LbL films could enable remote-controlled drug release, a significant breakthrough.

Conclusions:

Layer-by-Layer (LbL) assembled films represent a promising material for developing next-generation active implantable drug release systems.
The development of microreservoirs from responsive LbL films could overcome limitations of current technologies and enable precise, remotely controlled drug delivery.