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Related Concept Videos

Deleterious Substances in Aggregate01:25

Deleterious Substances in Aggregate

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Deleterious substances in aggregates can be detrimental to the quality and durability of concrete. These substances include organic impurities like loam, which interfere with cement hydration and are usually present in the sand. These prevent a good bond between aggregate and cement paste. Organic impurities can be detected using the colorimetric test, where the darkness of a solution after agitation indicates the level of organic content.
Another type of impurity is clay and fine material that...
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Mortar01:29

Mortar

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Mortar, a mixture of Portland cement, hydrated lime, sand, and water, is a crucial binding material in construction. Its primary function is to join masonry units together, filling gaps and ensuring a uniform distribution of weight across the structure. This helps in preventing potential weaknesses. Mortar also serves as a protective barrier against environmental elements such as water and wind, thereby safeguarding the interior of the structure. It also compensates for surface irregularities...
881
Additives and Fillers in Concrete01:29

Additives and Fillers in Concrete

484
Additives and fillers are integral to enhancing the properties of concrete. Pozzolans and blast-furnace slag are additives or admixtures due to their reactions with calcium hydroxide released during cement hydration. Fillers, which are finely ground and similar in fineness to Portland cement, improve concrete attributes such as workability density, and reduce capillary bleeding or cracking. Some fillers possess hydraulic properties or participate in benign reactions within the cement paste.
The...
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Design Example: Aggregate Gradation01:24

Design Example: Aggregate Gradation

467
The right type and quality of aggregates are crucial for concrete as they significantly influence its properties, mix proportions, and cost-effectiveness. If different sources are available for sand, the commonly used fine aggregate in concrete, the selection of sand is primarily based on its gradation.
The grading, or particle-size distribution, of sand is determined using sieve analysis, with standard sizes ranging from 150 μm to 10 mm (ASTM No. 100 sieve to 3⁄8 in. sieve). Sand is...
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Types of Cement II01:22

Types of Cement II

611
Portland blast-furnace cement is made by blending Portland cement clinker with granulated blast-furnace slag, which accounts for 25 to 65 percent of the cement's weight. Despite its similarities to ordinary Portland (Type I) cement in terms of fineness and setting times, its early strength is lower, though it achieves comparable strength later on. It's particularly suited for mass concrete structures and marine environments due to its lower heat of hydration and superior sulfate...
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Pozzolans01:21

Pozzolans

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Pozzolans are siliceous or aluminous materials blended with Portland cement. They interact with the calcium hydroxide produced during the hydration of Portland cement and contribute to improved strength and durability of concrete. The pozzolanic activity, a measure of a pozzolan's effectiveness, is typically assessed using the strength activity index, as defined in ASTM C 618-93, which calculates the ratio of the compressive strength of cement mixtures with and without pozzolan.
Fly ash is...
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Recycled sand in lime-based mortars.

M Stefanidou1, E Anastasiou1, K Georgiadis Filikas1

  • 1Dept. of Civil Engineering, A.U.Th, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.

Waste Management (New York, N.Y.)
|October 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Recycled construction waste can be used as fine aggregates in lime-based mortars for historic building restoration. This sustainable approach enhances mortar performance, particularly in pure lime systems, by utilizing the reactive components of the recycled sand.

Keywords:
Fine recycled aggregatesLime-based mortarsPorosityStrength

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Growing demand for sustainable practices in heritage building conservation.
  • Need for eco-friendly repair materials that minimize environmental impact.
  • Exploration of utilizing construction and demolition waste (CDW) in restoration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of incorporating recycled fine aggregates from CDW into lime-based mortars.
  • To evaluate the mechanical, physical, and microstructural properties of these modified mortars.
  • To compare the performance of recycled aggregate mortars with traditional ones.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of raw materials, including recycled fine aggregates.
  • Production of mortar mixtures with varying binder systems (lime, lime-pozzolan, lime-pozzolan-cement) and aggregate types (natural, standard, recycled).
  • Comprehensive testing of mechanical (e.g., strength), physical (e.g., porosity), and microstructural properties.

Main Results:

  • Lime mortars incorporating recycled fine aggregates showed improved mechanical and physical properties, even at early ages.
  • The beneficial effect is attributed to the pozzolanic reaction between lime and the aluminum (Al) and silicon (Si) constituents of the recycled sand.
  • Performance decreased in lime-pozzolan and lime-pozzolan-cement mortars when using recycled sand, likely due to structural alterations.

Conclusions:

  • Recycled fine aggregates from CDW are a viable and beneficial additive for lime-based mortars in historic building restoration.
  • This sustainable approach offers enhanced material performance and aligns with environmental conservation goals.
  • The effectiveness of recycled aggregates is binder-dependent, showing optimal results in pure lime systems.