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Hepatitis B immunization in high risk neonates born from HBsAg positive mothers: comparison between plasma derived

D Pongpipat1, V Suvatte, A Assateerawatts

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and Immunology
|June 1, 1989
PubMed

Insights

A half dose of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine showed comparable efficacy to plasma-derived vaccine in preventing perinatal hepatitis B virus transmission in high-risk infants. Both regimens provided high protective rates and seroconversion.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Perinatal transmission of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) poses a significant global health challenge.
  • Infants born to HBsAg carrier mothers are at high risk of HBV infection and chronic disease.
  • Effective prophylaxis is crucial to prevent vertical transmission of HBV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of a half dose recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (5 micrograms) with a half standard dose plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine (10 micrograms) for preventing perinatal HBV transmission.
  • To evaluate seroconversion rates and protective efficacy in neonates receiving combined hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and vaccine prophylaxis.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized study involving 40 high-risk neonates born to e-antigen positive HBsAg carrier mothers.
  • All infants received HBIG (100 IU) immediately after birth.
  • Infants were divided into two groups: Group I received plasma-derived vaccine (10 micrograms), Group II received recombinant vaccine (5 micrograms) at birth, 1, and 6 months.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant differences in efficacy or seroconversion rates between the two vaccine groups.
  • Protective efficacy rates were 94.6% for Group I and 89.2% for Group II.
  • Anti-HBs seroconversion rates at 12 months were 95.0% (Group I) and 84.2% (Group II), with geometric mean titres significantly higher in Group I but above protective levels in most infants.

Conclusions:

  • Both half dose recombinant and plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccines, when combined with HBIG, are effective in preventing perinatal HBV transmission.
  • The recombinant vaccine demonstrates acceptable efficacy, though geometric mean titres were lower than the plasma-derived vaccine.
  • These findings support the use of recombinant hepatitis B vaccines in perinatal prophylaxis strategies.

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