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Related Concept Videos

Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
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The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
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The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
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Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Advancing Intestinal Bacteria Cultivation for Poultry
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Correlations between changes in intestinal microbiota composition and performance parameters in broiler chickens.

L A Rubio1, M J Peinado, R Ruiz

  • 1Depto. de Fisiología y Bioquímica de la Nutrición Animal (INAN, EEZ, CSIC), Granada, Spain.

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
|October 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Dietary additives like inulin, fructose caramel, and a garlic derivative influenced broiler chicken gut bacteria. Specific bacterial changes correlated with improved nutrient digestibility and weight gain, highlighting microbiota

Keywords:
broilercorrelationintestinal microbiotanutritional parameters

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Microbiology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Intestinal microbiota composition significantly impacts broiler chicken health and performance.
  • Feed additives are increasingly used to modulate gut microbiota and improve production outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of inulin, fructose caramel (FC), and a garlic derivative (PTS-O) on the intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens.
  • To determine correlations between specific microbial populations and nutritional parameters, including digestibility and growth performance.

Main Methods:

  • Growing male Cobb broiler chickens were fed diets with no additive, inulin (20 g/kg), FC (20 g/kg), or PTS-O (45 and 90 mg/kg).
  • Intestinal microbiota composition was analyzed using quantitative PCR (qPCR) at various intestinal sites.
  • Nutritional parameters, including fecal nutrient digestibility and broiler weight gain, were measured.

Main Results:

  • Increased Bacteroides populations in the ileum positively correlated with improved digestibility of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, and cellulose.
  • Higher Escherichia-Shigella levels in the crop negatively correlated with broiler weight gain.
  • Escherichia-Shigella in the cecum showed a negative correlation with fecal fat digestibility.
  • Total bacteria in the ileum and cecum negatively correlated with ileal nitrogen digestibility.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary supplementation with inulin, FC, and PTS-O can alter broiler intestinal microbiota composition.
  • Specific microbial shifts are associated with changes in nutrient utilization and growth performance.
  • Modulating gut microbiota through feed additives presents a strategy for enhancing broiler production efficiency.