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The Barium Swallow Study, or a Barium Esophagogram, is a diagnostic imaging method used to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. It employs barium sulfate, a radiopaque contrast material, to provide clear images of the upper digestive system, helping to identify abnormalities, diseases, or structural issues.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Adapting Human Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Methods to Detect and Characterize Dysphagia in Murine Disease Models
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Atypical swallowing: a review.

C Maspero1, C Prevedello, L Giannini

  • 1Maxillo-Facial and Odontostomatological Unit, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Orthodontics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy - giampietro.farronato@unimi.it.

Minerva Stomatologica
|October 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atypical swallowing and malocclusion have a bidirectional relationship, often requiring combined orthodontic and myofunctional therapy for effective, long-term resolution. Early intervention significantly improves treatment outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Myofunctional Therapy
  • Orthodontics

Background:

  • Atypical swallowing, characterized by altered tongue posture during swallowing, is a prevalent myofunctional disorder.
  • Its multifactorial etiology and frequent association with malocclusions highlight its clinical significance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of the relationship between atypical swallowing and malocclusion.
  • To explore effective therapeutic strategies for managing atypical swallowing and associated malocclusions.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of the Medline database was performed.
  • Keywords used included "atypical swallowing" and "tongue thrust" for articles published from 1990 onwards, excluding syndromic cases.

Main Results:

  • A biunique causal relationship exists between atypical swallowing and malocclusion; each can influence the other.
  • Non-physiological tongue thrust can impede orthodontic treatment progress.
  • A multidisciplinary approach combining orthodontics and myofunctional rehabilitation is recommended for lasting results.

Conclusions:

  • The interconnectedness of atypical swallowing and malocclusion necessitates integrated orthodontic and myofunctional treatment.
  • Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for optimizing therapeutic success and achieving permanent outcomes.