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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

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Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

13.5K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice
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Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice

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Unaltered regulatory B-cell frequency and function in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Laure Michel1, Melanie Chesneau2, Philippe Manceau3

  • 1INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, F-44093, France; CHU Nord Laennec, Service de Neurologie, Nantes, F-44093, France; INSERM, CIC 004, Nantes, F-44093, France.

Clinical Immunology (Orlando, Fla.)
|October 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regulatory B cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients show normal frequency and function. These findings suggest that B cells may not be a primary driver of MS pathology in this cohort, despite their known roles in other autoimmune diseases.

Keywords:
B cellsMultiple sclerosisRegulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases
  • Cellular Immunology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic central nervous system (CNS) disease.
  • T cell recruitment to the CNS is a hallmark of MS.
  • B cells' role in MS is debated, with some evidence suggesting regulatory functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the frequency, cytokine secretion, and suppressive properties of B cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.
  • To compare these functions between MS patients and healthy volunteers (HV).

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of B-cell subset frequencies.
  • Assessment of cytokine secretion by B cells.
  • Evaluation of B-cell suppressive capacity on T cell proliferation.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were found in B-cell subset frequencies between MS patients and HV.
  • B cells from MS patients exhibited similar cytokine secretion profiles compared to HV.
  • Pre-stimulated B cells from MS patients effectively inhibited T cell proliferation, comparable to HV.

Conclusions:

  • Regulatory B cells in the studied MS patient cohort maintain conserved frequency and function.
  • These findings suggest that functional impairments in regulatory B cells may not be a key feature of MS in this population.