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Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
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Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...

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Sprinting performance and resistance-based training interventions: a systematic review.

Richard Bolger¹, Mark Lyons, Andrew J Harrison

¹1Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Biomechanics Research Unit, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; and 2Department of Health Sport & Exercise Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland.

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

|October 1, 2014

Summary

Resistance training positively impacts sprinting performance in competitive athletes. This systematic review highlights the need for more research on optimal resistance programs for sprinters.

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Area of Science:

Sports Science
Exercise Physiology
Athletic Performance

Background:

Sprinting performance is crucial in many athletic disciplines.
Resistance training is a common method to enhance athletic capabilities.
The specific effects of various resistance training modalities on sprint performance require systematic evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review original research on the impact of different resistance training forms on sprinting performance in competitive sprinters.
To identify trends and gaps in the existing literature regarding resistance training for sprinters.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search using keywords 'Sprinters' OR 'Sprint' excluding specific sports and nutrition.
Inclusion of studies with competitive adult male sprinters, resistance interventions (>4 weeks), and sprint time outcomes (10-100m).
Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale used for study quality assessment.

Main Results:

Five studies met the inclusion criteria.
Three studies reported statistically significant improvements in sprinting performance.
Varied resistance training approaches (locomotor and fixed plane) yielded similar positive outcomes.

Conclusions:

Resistance-based training demonstrates a positive effect on sprinting performance.
Despite a dearth of literature, well-designed resistance programs are recommended for sprinters.
Further research is needed to optimize resistance training duration and exercise selection for sprinters.