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Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Coping in subclinical paranoia: A two nations study.

Sara Sigmaringa Melo1, Richard P Bentall

  • 1University of Birmingham, UKUniversity of Bangor, UK.

Psychology and Psychotherapy
|October 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Persecutory ideation, whether perceived as deserved or undeserved, is linked to specific coping mechanisms. Understanding these links can improve psychological interventions for paranoia.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Trower and Chadwick proposed two types of paranoia: 'poor me' (undeserved persecution) and 'bad me' (deserved persecution).
  • Their theory accounts for both types and predicts their stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between persecutory ideation, perceived deservedness, and coping strategies in non-clinical individuals.
  • To explore how different levels of persecution and deservedness relate to various coping mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 608 university students from the UK and Portugal was conducted online.
  • Participants completed the Persecution and Deservedness Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Response Styles to Depression Questionnaire, and COPE Questionnaire.

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Main Results:

  • Perceived deservedness of persecution was significantly associated with acceptance-based coping.
  • Deservedness also correlated with engaging in dangerous activities as a coping strategy.

Conclusions:

  • 'Poor me' and 'bad me' paranoia might represent distinct but related phases of an unstable defensive process.
  • Psychological interventions for early psychosis could be enhanced by addressing safety behaviors, substance misuse, and promoting adaptive coping.