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Differentially timed extracellular signals synchronize pacemaker neuron clocks.

Ben Collins1, Harris S Kaplan1, Matthieu Cavey1

  • 1Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America.

Plos Biology
|October 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synchronized neuronal activity in fruit flies relies on two signals: PDF Receptor (PdfR) and glutamate. These signals, acting on master pacemaker neurons, are crucial for maintaining the internal biological clock.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Chronobiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Synchronized neuronal activity underlies complex behaviors.
  • Circadian pacemaker neurons provide a model for studying synchrony due to their 24-hour molecular clock oscillations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the location, timing, and perception mechanisms of synchronizing signals in the minimal clock neural circuit of Drosophila larvae.
  • To understand how master pacemaker neurons (LNvs) and dorsal clock neurons (DN1s) interact to maintain circadian synchrony.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic manipulation of PDF Receptor (PdfR) and metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluRA) in specific neurons (LNvs and DN1s).
  • Analysis of Timeless clock protein oscillations.
  • Measurement of cAMP oscillations in LNvs.

Main Results:

  • The PDF Receptor (PdfR) is essential in both LNvs and DN1s for synchronizing LNv clocks.
  • Glutamate, released from DN1s and perceived by mGluRA in LNvs, acts as a second synchronizing signal.
  • Reducing PdfR and mGluRA in LNvs significantly dampened Timeless oscillations, indicating a requirement for extracellular signals.
  • Differentially timed signals drive cAMP oscillations in LNvs, synchronizing pacemaker neurons.
  • PdfR and mGluRA also synchronize Timeless oscillations in adult s-LNvs.

Conclusions:

  • Master pacemaker neurons require extracellular signals, including PdfR and mGluRA, for normal function.
  • Two distinct synchronizing signals, acting at different times of day, drive cAMP oscillations and synchronize circadian pacemaker neurons.
  • The mechanisms of circadian synchrony involving timed signals and cAMP oscillations are likely conserved across species.