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Related Concept Videos

Composition of Polyprotic Acid Solutions as a Function of pH01:19

Composition of Polyprotic Acid Solutions as a Function of pH

1.2K
Polyprotic acids of the type H2M constitute two ionizable protons. As a result, on titration with a base, they exhibit two equivalence points in the titration curve. During titration, the species H2M, HM−, and M2− will be present in the solution at different points. The fractions of H2M, HM−, and M2− present at the various instances of the titration are denoted by α0, α1, and α2, respectively.
A graph with the alpha values is plotted against the volume of...
1.2K
Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria01:30

Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria

915
Ladder diagrams are useful tools for understanding redox equilibrium reactions, especially the effects of concentration changes on the electrochemical potential of the reaction. The vertical axis in the redox ladder diagrams represents the electrochemical potential, E. The area of predominance is demarcated using the Nernst equation.
Consider the Fe3+/Fe2+ half-reaction, which has a standard-state potential of +0.771 V. At potentials more positive than +0.771 V, Fe3+ predominates, whereas Fe2+...
915
Strong Acid and Base Solutions03:22

Strong Acid and Base Solutions

28.0K
A strong acid is a compound that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution and produces a concentration of hydronium ions equal to the initial concentration of acid. For example, 0.20 M hydrobromic acid will dissociate completely in water and produces 0.20 M of hydronium ions and 0.20 M of bromide ions.
28.0K
Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base02:28

Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base

27.3K
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Strong Acid/Strong Base
A titration is carried out for 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl (strong acid) with 0.100 M of a strong base NaOH. The pH at different volumes of added base solution can be calculated as follows:
(a) Titrant volume = 0 mL. The solution pH is due to the acid ionization of HCl. Because this is a strong acid, the ionization is complete and the hydronium ion molarity is 0.100 M. The pH of the solution is then:
27.3K
Titration of Polyprotic Base with a Strong Acid01:18

Titration of Polyprotic Base with a Strong Acid

4.7K
The titration of a polyprotic base such as sodium carbonate with a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid results in two equivalence points on the titration curve. At the first equivalence point, the carbonate ions in the base are completely converted to bicarbonate ions. The second equivalence point corresponds to the complete conversion of bicarbonate ions to carbonic acid, which dissociates into carbon dioxide and water. The region before the first equivalence point corresponds to the...
4.7K
Experimental Determination of Chemical Formula02:37

Experimental Determination of Chemical Formula

35.6K
The elemental makeup of a compound defines its chemical identity, and chemical formulas are the most concise way of representing this elemental makeup. When a compound’s formula is unknown, measuring the mass of its constituent elements is often the first step in determining the formula experimentally.
35.6K

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Surface Properties of Synthesized Nanoporous Carbon and Silica Matrices
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Surface Properties of Synthesized Nanoporous Carbon and Silica Matrices

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Determining surface composition of mixed oxides with pH.

Jadid E Samad1, Safoora Hashim2, Shuguo Ma1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, 301 Main Street, Columbia, SC 29208, United States.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|October 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

A new 2-surface model using the Equilibrium pH at high oxide loading (EPHL) method accurately predicts the point of zero charges (PZC) for mixed and composite oxides. This approach extends to bound catalysts, correlating reactivity with surface composition.

Keywords:
Mixed oxidesPoint of zero chargeSurface characterizationSurface charge parameterSurface coverage

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Area of Science:

  • Surface chemistry and materials science
  • Colloid and interface science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Understanding the surface charge of mixed and composite oxides is crucial for predicting their behavior in various applications.
  • Existing models may not fully capture the complexities of surface charge in heterogeneous oxide systems.
  • Accurate prediction of surface properties is essential for catalyst design and performance optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a predictive model for the point of zero charges (PZC) of mixed and composite oxides.
  • To extend the Equilibrium pH at high oxide loading (EPHL) method to composite materials, including bound catalysts.
  • To establish a method for determining apparent surface coverage (ASC) in these complex materials.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a 2-surface model utilizing the EPHL method.
  • Determination of oxide charging parameters (protonation/deprotonation constants, hydroxyl surface densities) from pure oxide measurements.
  • Validation using physical mixtures of silica and alumina with known surface compositions.

Main Results:

  • The 2-surface EPHL model accurately predicts the PZC of mixed and composite oxides.
  • The method was successfully extended to composite materials, including bound catalysts.
  • Correlations between catalyst reactivity and surface composition were explained using the model.
  • A method for determining apparent surface coverage (ASC) was established.

Conclusions:

  • The developed 2-surface EPHL model provides a robust framework for predicting PZC in mixed and composite oxides.
  • This method offers valuable insights into the surface chemistry of heterogeneous catalysts, enabling better design and performance prediction.
  • The approach facilitates the characterization of complex oxide materials and their surface properties.