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Comparing U.S. Army suicide cases to a control sample: initial data and methodological lessons.

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This study explored risk factors for suicide in the US military by comparing suicide cases with control soldiers. Preliminary findings suggest mental health history and relationship failures are key indicators, not deployment.

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Area of Science:

  • Military mental health
  • Suicidology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Rising suicide rates in the US military necessitate identification of risk and protective factors.
  • Existing data (Department of Defense Suicide Event Report) lacks analogous control data for comparative analysis.
  • A proof-of-concept study is needed to assess the feasibility of collecting control data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the feasibility of collecting control data for military suicide research.
  • To identify factors that differentially determine suicide risk in active duty military personnel.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective case-control design.
  • Random selection of control cases from a large Army installation (4:1 ratio of controls to suicides).
  • Comparison of preliminary data between 111 confirmed Army suicide cases and 27 completed control soldiers.

Main Results:

  • Factors more frequently reported in suicide cases included failed intimate relationships, outpatient mental health history, mood disorder diagnosis, substance abuse history, and prior self-injury.
  • No deployment-related risk factors were identified in this preliminary analysis.
  • The study demonstrated the feasibility of collecting control data, despite a small control sample size.

Conclusions:

  • Findings align with existing literature on suicide risk factors.
  • The study provides a foundation for larger-scale control studies in military populations.
  • Methodological lessons learned will inform future study designs and recruitment strategies.