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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which...
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Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
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Transcriptome-Wide Profiling of Protein-RNA Interactions by Cross-Linking and Immunoprecipitation Mediated by FLAG-Biotin Tandem Purification
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[Research progress of Lin28 function].

Honghong Shen1, Yun Niu

  • 1Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China.

Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical Sciences
|October 2, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lin28, a protein inhibiting let-7 microRNA, drives stem cell growth and tumor development. Its overexpression fuels cancer progression but also aids tissue repair.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Lin28 is a conserved RNA-binding protein.
  • It acts as a post-transcriptional inhibitor of let-7 microRNA biogenesis.
  • Lin28 is implicated in stem cell regulation and cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Lin28 in stem cell proliferation.
  • To explore Lin28's involvement in tumor stem cell formation and cancer progression.
  • To understand Lin28's function in tissue repair.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Lin28's inhibitory effects on let-7 processing.
  • Assessment of Lin28's impact on embryonic stem cell growth.
  • Evaluation of Lin28 overexpression in human cancers and tissue repair models.

Main Results:

  • Lin28 inhibits let-7 processing and synthesis.
  • Lin28 promotes embryonic stem cell proliferation and tumor stem cell formation.
  • Overexpression of Lin28 is linked to advanced human cancers and promotes tissue repair.

Conclusions:

  • Lin28 is a key regulator of stem cell biology with a dual role in cancer.
  • Lin28's inhibition of let-7 is central to its functions.
  • Targeting Lin28 may offer therapeutic strategies for cancer and regenerative medicine.