Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Encoding01:19

Encoding

1.0K
Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
1.0K
Storage01:23

Storage

502
A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
502
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

793
Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
793
Understanding Memory01:19

Understanding Memory

1.6K
Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...
1.6K
Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

643
Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function...
643
Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

914
Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
914

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mega-analysis of Structural Brain Imaging in Functional Neurological Disorder.

Biological psychiatry·2026
Same author

The Interplay of Parental Leave, Career Achievement, and Burnout in Academic Neurologists: A Multicenter Study.

Journal of women's health (2002)·2026
Same author

Effects of self-selected music on psychophysiological responses to goal-directed exercise in Parkinson's disease.

Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences·2026
Same author

Postapproval Study for Brain-Responsive Neurostimulation for Drug-Resistant Focal Epilepsy: Three-Year Efficacy and Interim Safety Results.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Intracranial recordings of amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex reveal temporal response and directed connectivity patterns during facial emotion processing.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B·2026
Same author

Retraining and control therapy: sense of control and catastrophic symptom expectations as targets of a cognitive behavioral treatment for pediatric functional seizures.

Frontiers in psychiatry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory
08:06

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Published on: August 15, 2010

14.4K

A model for visual memory encoding.

Rodolphe Nenert1, Jane B Allendorfer1, Jerzy P Szaflarski2

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America.

Plos One
|October 2, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study models visual memory encoding, revealing a sequential information flow from the visual cortex through attention to the default mode network. It highlights the crucial role of multiple brain networks in successful memory formation.

More Related Videos

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

9.2K
Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

15.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory
08:06

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Published on: August 15, 2010

14.4K
Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

9.2K
Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

15.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Memory encoding involves complex concurrent and sequential processes.
  • The specific sequence and network interactions in visual memory encoding remain incompletely understood.
  • A data-driven model is needed to elucidate the directionality of information flow during memory encoding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively examine the neural network involved in visual memory encoding.
  • To determine the directionality of information flow within this network.
  • To build a viable model of visual memory encoding.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 40 healthy adults performing a visual scene encoding task.
  • Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to identify involved brain networks.
  • Granger Causality Analysis (GCA) to assess the directionality of information flow.

Main Results:

  • ICA identified five distinct networks contributing to memory encoding.
  • GCA revealed a directional flow from the visual cortex, through the ventral stream, to the attention network, and then to the default mode network (DMN).
  • The cerebellar and auditory-insular networks were also implicated in the encoding process.

Conclusions:

  • Successful visual memory encoding depends on multiple modules across various brain networks, some indirectly related.
  • The proposed model provides insights into the sequential processing of visual information during memory formation.
  • This network model may aid in identifying disease-related network dysfunction affecting memory encoding.