[Methods of microorganism immobilization for dynamic atomic-force studies (review)]

Atomic-force microscopy (AFM) is an efficient method for studying the surface ultrastructure and nanomechanical properties of biological objects (including microorganisms). A correctly selected method of microorganism immobilization (that provides a strong attachment of cells on the surface of a biologically inert substrate and the preservation of their native properties) is an important condition of AFM scanning in a liquid medium. Comparative characteristics of methods of microorganism immobilization (that are applied in dynamic AFM studies) are given in the review. Technologies of mechanical retention and chemical binding of cells to a substrate, as well as protein and immunospecific adsorption, are considered.