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Related Concept Videos

Kinetic Friction01:26

Kinetic Friction

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Consider a truck trying to pull a stationary car. As the truck exerts a force on the car, static friction is created at the point of contact between the two surfaces. This frictional force resists the car's movement and keeps it at rest. However, when the applied force by the truck surpasses the limiting static frictional force, an interesting phenomenon occurs. The frictional force at the interface reduces to a lower value, known as the kinetic frictional force. At this point, the car...
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Characteristics of Dry Friction01:21

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Dry friction occurs when two solid surfaces slide against each other without any lubrication or fluid present. It causes resistance when pushing objects along a surface, like a gardener pushing a wheelbarrow. The force applied to move the cart causes dry friction between the wheel and the ground.
Before the wheelbarrow starts moving, the static frictional force acts tangentially to the contact surface, opposing the force that is about to induce the motion. This frictional force prevents the...
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Rolling Resistance01:21

Rolling Resistance

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When a solid cylinder rolls steadily on a rigid surface, the normal force applied by the surface on the cylinder is perpendicular to the tangent at the contact point. However, since no materials are entirely rigid, the surface's reaction to the cylinder involves a range of normal pressures.
For instance, imagine a hard cylinder rolling on a comparatively soft surface. The cylinder's weight compresses the surface beneath it. As the cylinder moves, the material in front of it slows down due to...
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Frictional Force01:07

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When a body is in motion, it encounters resistance because the body interacts with its surroundings. This resistance is known as friction, a common yet complex force whose behavior is still not completely understood. Friction opposes relative motion between systems in contact, but also allows us to move. Friction arises in part due to the roughness of surfaces in contact. For one object to move along a surface, it must rise to where the peaks of the surface can skip along the bottom of the...
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Dry Friction01:30

Dry Friction

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Dry friction occurs between two solid surfaces in contact as they attempt to move relative to one another. In daily life, dry friction is encountered in various forms, such as when walking on the ground, sliding an object across a table, or rubbing hands together. Despite its ubiquity, the underlying mechanisms behind dry friction are not readily visible.
To illustrate this concept, imagine a wooden crate resting on a rough, non-uniform horizontal surface. When an external force is applied to...
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Static and Kinetic Frictional Force01:05

Static and Kinetic Frictional Force

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One of the simpler characteristics of sliding friction is that it is parallel to the contact surfaces between systems, and is always in a direction that opposes the motion or attempted motion of the systems relative to each other. If two systems are in contact and moving relative to one another, then the friction between them is called kinetic friction. For example, kinetic friction slows a hockey puck sliding on ice.
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Knowledge Based Cloud FE Simulation of Sheet Metal Forming Processes
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A technique for measuring dynamic friction coefficient under impact loading.

Y L Lin1, J G Qin1, R Chen1

  • 1College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|October 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel split Hopkinson pressure bar setup with a wedge-shaped incident bar was developed to test dynamic friction coefficients under impact. This method directly calculates friction coefficients from measured forces without assumptions, revealing changes during loading.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Tribology

Background:

  • Dynamic friction coefficients are critical for understanding material behavior under impact loading.
  • Existing methods often require assumptions or complex theoretical derivations for friction coefficient calculation.
  • A need exists for a direct, assumption-free method to measure dynamic friction under combined compressive and shear stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel experimental setup for measuring dynamic friction coefficients under impact.
  • To investigate the friction coefficient evolution and slip behavior of PTFE/aluminum 7075 friction pairs.
  • To provide a direct calculation method for dynamic friction coefficients without theoretical assumptions.

Main Methods:

  • A modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique utilizing a wedge-shaped incident bar for combined compressive and shear loading.
  • Integration of quartz transducers for direct force history measurement and an optical apparatus for interfacial slip monitoring.
  • Experimental testing of PTFE/aluminum 7075 friction pairs and simulation using explicit finite element method (FEM) code LS-DYNA.

Main Results:

  • The novel SHPB setup successfully measured time-resolved dynamic friction coefficients and slip histories.
  • For PTFE/aluminum 7075, the average friction coefficient in the stable plateau was 0.137, with maximum normal pressure of 52 MPa and slip velocity of 1.5 m/s.
  • FEM simulations confirmed that constant pressure and slip velocity can be achieved with specific incident pulse shapes, predicting potential for higher pressures and velocities with specialized friction pairs.

Conclusions:

  • The developed wedge-shaped SHPB setup offers a direct and reliable method for determining dynamic friction coefficients under impact.
  • The study demonstrates that friction coefficients are not constant during impact loading and vary with slip.
  • The methodology is adaptable for various friction pair geometries and can be extended to explore extreme conditions of pressure and velocity.