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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders
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[Bone resorption in posttraumatic dystrophy. Root cause analysis based on the literature].

A Scola1, E Scola

  • 1Klinik für Unfall-, Hand-, Plastische- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland, alexander.scola@uniklinik-ulm.de.

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Persistent arteriovenous (AV) anastomoses, coupled with tissue acidosis and hypoxia, likely drive osteoclast activity and cancellous bone resorption in posttraumatic dystrophy. These findings suggest new therapeutic strategies for this condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics and Traumatology
  • Bone Physiology
  • Vascular Biology

Context:

  • Posttraumatic dystrophy involves unexplained cancellous bone resorption.
  • Arteriovenous (AV) anastomoses, tissue hypoxia, and acidosis are implicated.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for managing hand and wrist injuries.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the effects of AV anastomoses, hypoxia, and acidosis on cancellous bone in posttraumatic dystrophy.
  • To explore the pathways leading to cancellous bone resorption.
  • To provide a basis for therapeutic recommendations.

Summary:

  • Persistent intraosseous AV anastomoses, acidosis, and hypoxia are identified as probable causes of excessive osteoclast activity in acute posttraumatic dystrophy.
  • Findings align with enhancements observed in the late static phase of three-phase bone scans (TPBS).
  • Bone-seeking tracers, such as bisphosphonates, highlight these enhancements in cancellous bone.

Impact:

  • Provides a mechanistic explanation for bone resorption in posttraumatic dystrophy.
  • Supports the hypothesis linking vascular and metabolic changes to bone pathology.
  • Informs the development of targeted therapies for posttraumatic dystrophy.
  • Recommends updating nomenclature from diphosphonates to bisphosphonates.