Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 23, 2026
06:46
Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring
Published on: December 14, 2020
2.8K
Refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Charumathi Raghu Subramanian1, George Triadafilopoulos2
1Internal Medicine, Guthrie Clinic, Sayre, PA, USA and Division of Gastroenterology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Gastroenterology Report
|October 3, 2014
Summary
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are standard for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Patients with partial or no response to PPIs require further evaluation and alternative treatments like surgery or endoscopic therapies.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is characterized by stomach contents refluxing into the esophagus, causing symptoms and potential injury.
- Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the primary treatment for GERD, offering relief to most patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline management strategies for GERD patients based on their response to PPI therapy.
- To guide further investigation and treatment for refractory GERD cases.
Main Methods:
- Review of current therapeutic standards for GERD.
- Categorization of patient response to PPIs into total, partial, or absent.
- Discussion of alternative treatments for non-responders.
Main Results:
- Complete response to PPIs typically requires no further intervention.
- Partial response to PPIs may benefit from surgical or endoscopic therapies.
- Absent response to PPIs necessitates further evaluation to exclude other conditions.
Conclusions:
- Patient response to PPIs dictates subsequent management in GERD.
- Individualized treatment plans are crucial for refractory GERD.
- Emerging endoscopic therapies offer new options for partial responders.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
29
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the backward flow of stomach contents (acid, pepsin, or bile) into the esophagus, causing mucosal inflammation known as esophagitis. It results from failure of antireflux mechanisms, mainly the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), influenced by mechanical and physiological factors.Etiology and Risk FactorsGERD develops when LES function is weakened or when intra-abdominal pressure increases. Risk factors include aging, obesity, and sliding hiatal hernia,...
29
01:29Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology
1.9K
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...
1.9K
01:29Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management
1.1K
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
1.1K
01:21Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management
1.7K
Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
1.7K
01:21Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction
1.5K
Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
1.5K
01:30Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction
1.3K
Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
1.3K