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Related Concept Videos

Selectins01:25

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Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain,...
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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Inflammatory Response01:28

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
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Regulatory T cells dynamically regulate selectin ligand function during multiple challenge contact hypersensitivity.

Latasha D Abeynaike1, James A Deane1, Clare L V Westhorpe1

  • 1Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia;

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
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Summary

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) dynamically regulate skin inflammation by altering their selectin binding during immune responses. This study reveals dynamic changes in Treg rolling mechanisms, impacting inflammation control.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for controlling skin inflammation.
  • Leukocyte rolling in dermal vessels depends on selectin ligands.
  • The specific molecules used by Tregs for skin rolling are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the rolling behavior of endogenous Tregs in the skin.
  • To compare Treg rolling with conventional T cells during inflammation.
  • To determine the role of selectins in Treg skin homing and function.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized spinning disk confocal microscopy in Foxp3-GFP mice.
  • Visualized endogenous Treg rolling in dermal postcapillary venules.
  • Employed a multiple challenge model of contact hypersensitivity.

Main Results:

  • Tregs exhibited consistent, low-frequency rolling under resting and inflamed conditions.
  • Treg adhesion increased significantly at peak inflammation.
  • Treg rolling shifted from P- and E-selectin dependency to P-selectin independence after secondary challenge.
  • E-selectin inhibition exacerbated inflammation, highlighting its role in Treg function.

Conclusions:

  • Treg selectin binding capacity and rolling mechanisms are dynamically regulated during inflammation.
  • These dynamic changes are critical for effective Treg function in controlling skin inflammation.
  • Findings provide insights into Treg trafficking and immune regulation in the skin.