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Development of the Heart

Development of the Heart

The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart...

Chambers of the Heart

Chambers of the Heart

The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...

Structure of Cardiac Muscles

Structure of Cardiac Muscles

Cardiac muscle, or myocardium, is a specialized type of muscle found exclusively in the heart. Its unique structural and functional characteristics enable the heart to perform its vital role of pumping blood throughout the body continuously and rhythmically. The cardiac muscle cells, or cardiomyocytes, possess an endomysium and perimysium but do not have an epimysium.
Compared to skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle cells are small and mostly have a single nucleus. Additionally, they are usually...

Morphogenesis

Morphogenesis

Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

In Vitro Generation of Heart Field-specific Cardiac Progenitor Cells

In Vitro Generation of Heart Field-specific Cardiac Progenitor Cells

Published on: July 3, 2019

Heart fields and cardiac morphogenesis.

Robert G Kelly¹, Margaret E Buckingham², Antoon F Moorman³

¹Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM UMR 7288, 13288 Marseilles, France.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

|October 3, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review details embryonic heart formation, focusing on progenitor cell addition from the second heart field and myocardial proliferation. These processes are crucial for understanding congenital heart defects and cardiac repair.

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In Vitro Generation of Heart Field-specific Cardiac Progenitor Cells

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Imaging Cleared Embryonic and Postnatal Hearts at Single-cell Resolution

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Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Cardiovascular Research
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Embryonic heart formation involves complex cellular processes.
The second heart field contributes significantly to heart development.
Understanding cardiac chamber formation is key to addressing heart defects.

Purpose of the Study:

To review key steps in embryonic heart formation.
To elucidate the roles of the second heart field and myocardial proliferation.
To provide a framework for studying congenital heart defects and cardiac repair.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on heart development.
Analysis of cellular progenitor addition and proliferation patterns.
Integration of concepts like second heart field and ballooning morphogenesis.

Main Results:

Identified two critical steps: progenitor cell addition and patterned myocardial proliferation.
Described the shift in proliferation sites during heart development.
Highlighted the significance of the second heart field and ballooning morphogenesis.

Conclusions:

The second heart field and ballooning morphogenesis are fundamental to understanding human heart development.
These concepts offer insights into congenital heart defects.
They provide a basis for research into myocardial repair and regeneration.