Fluorescence microscopy
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Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Conducting Multiple Imaging Modes with One Fluorescence Microscope
Published on: October 28, 2018
Michael J Sanderson1, Ian Smith2, Ian Parker2
1Department of Microbiology and Physiology Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655;
Abstract:
Fluorescence microscopy is a major tool with which to monitor cell physiology. Although the concepts of fluorescence and its optical separation using filters remain similar, microscope design varies with the aim of increasing image contrast and spatial resolution. The basics of wide-field microscopy are outlined to emphasize the selection, advantages, and correct use of laser scanning confocal microscopy, two-photon microscopy, scanning disk confocal microscopy, total internal reflection, and super-resolution microscopy. In addition, the principles of how these microscopes form images are reviewed to appreciate their capabilities, limitations, and constraints for operation.
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