2-Mercaptoethanol and n-acetylcysteine enhance T cell colony formation in AIDS and ARC

One contributing factor to the loss of T cells in AIDS may be the impaired ability of T cell precursors to expand, as reflected in a decreased ability of patient cells to form T cell colonies in agar. We and others have noted such a defect in people with AIDS and ARC, and have found that suppressor cells and suppressive plasma contribute to decreased T-CFC formation. We report here that the reducing agents 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) and n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) can enhance colony formation in vitro. In part, 2-ME can reverse the defect in T cell colony-forming cells (T-CFC) formation by overcoming the effect of suppressor cells. In a group of 46 AIDS patients, T-CFC formation was initially 42 +/- 8% (mean +/- s.e.) that of control levels. 2-ME caused an increase of 401 +/- 76% in T-CFC formation which was significantly greater than the increase in control T-CFC formation; it also significantly enhanced T-CFC formation by cells from ARC patients. Suppressor cell activity from ten AIDS patients decreased from 58 +/- 21% to 12 +/- 10% when 2-ME was added. Similar data were obtained from 14 ARC patients. NAC, a related antioxidant with low toxicity, also enhanced T-CFC in cells of AIDS and ARC patients. Vitamin C generally did not increase T-CFC formation. The data suggest that certain antioxidants such as 2-ME and NAC may be useful in treatment protocols to enhance T cell numbers in patients with AIDS or ARC.