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Manually locating physical and virtual reality objects.

Karen B Chen, Ryan A Kimmel, Aaron Bartholomew

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    |October 4, 2014
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    Summary
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    Users are less accurate and slower when interacting with virtual objects compared to physical ones in a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE). However, virtual object interaction accuracy for farther objects was better than predicted, suggesting other sensory cues may be involved.

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    Area of Science:

    • Human-Computer Interaction
    • Virtual Reality
    • Perception

    Background:

    • Virtual reality (VR) enables flexible simulation for human performance studies.
    • Previous VR research focused on distance estimation rather than close-up object interaction.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Compare user accuracy, time, and approach when locating physical vs. virtual 3D objects in a CAVE.
    • Investigate the impact of object size, location, and distance on human performance in VR.

    Main Methods:

    • Fourteen participants performed manual targeting tasks on physical and virtual boxes of varying sizes.
    • Geometric model calculations incorporated user interpupillary distance, eye location, and screen distance.

    Main Results:

    • Users were 1.64x less accurate and 1.49x slower targeting virtual objects.
    • Predicted virtual targeting errors exceeded observed errors for farther targets, but not for close-up ones.

    Conclusions:

    • Object targeting inaccuracy in VR is influenced by size, location, distance, and binocular disparity.
    • Observed virtual object interaction accuracy for farther objects surpassed predictions, indicating potential influence of non-visual cues.
    • VR interaction for simulation, training, and prototyping is more accurate than predicted for farther objects.