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Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Paired with Total Vaporization Solid-Phase Microextraction as a Forensic Tool
Published on: May 25, 2021
Micro-solid-phase extraction coupled to desorption electrospray ionization-high-resolution mass spectrometry for the
Federica Bianchi1, Adolfo Gregori, Gabriele Braun
1Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy, federica.bianchi@unipr.it.
Abstract:
Home-made micro-solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges using different adsorbent materials were tested for the desorption electrospray ionization-high-resolution mass spectrometry (DESI-HRMS) determination of explosives like 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine, cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, and trinitrophenylmethylnitramine in soil samples. Quantitation limits in the low nanogram per kilogram range proved the reliability of the method for the detection of explosives at ultra-trace levels. The reduced sample preparation allowed for low costs and high-throughput analyses. Finally, the superior extraction capability of the method was proved by obtaining DESI-HRMS responses at least five times higher than those achieved by performing DESI-HRMS analyses of solid-liquid extracts spotted onto commercial polytetrafluoroethylene slides.
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