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Related Concept Videos

Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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Introduction to Virus01:28

Introduction to Virus

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Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
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Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

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Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich...
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Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
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Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

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The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
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Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

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Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Averaging of Viral Envelope Glycoprotein Spikes from Electron Cryotomography Reconstructions using Jsubtomo
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Averaging of Viral Envelope Glycoprotein Spikes from Electron Cryotomography Reconstructions using Jsubtomo

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Membrane proteins of arterivirus particles: structure, topology, processing and function.

Michael Veit1, Anna Karolina Matczuk1, Balaji Chandrasekhar Sinhadri1

  • 1Institut für Virologie, Veterinärmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.

Virus Research
|October 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Arteriviruses like EAV and PRRSV have complex membrane proteins crucial for infection. This review details their structure, processing, and function in virus entry and budding.

Keywords:
ArterivirusEquine arteritis virusGlycosylationMembrane topologyPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virusSignal peptide

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Averaging of Viral Envelope Glycoprotein Spikes from Electron Cryotomography Reconstructions using Jsubtomo
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Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Molecular Virology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Arteriviruses, including equine arteritis virus (EAV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), are significant veterinary pathogens.
  • Arterivirus particles possess multiple membrane proteins (Gp5/M, Gp2/3/4, E, ORF5a) whose functions in viral entry and budding are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the structure, membrane topology, processing, and targeting of arteriviral membrane proteins.
  • To present new findings on glycoprotein processing and epitope characteristics.
  • To hypothesize on the structure, variability, and function of these proteins in virus entry and budding.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing experimental data on arteriviral membrane proteins.
  • Analysis of primary structure, membrane topology, and post-translational modifications.
  • Depiction of epitope locations and characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of experimental evidence shaping current understanding of protein functions.
  • New results on processing steps for individual glycoproteins.
  • Identification of unique molecular features, such as signal peptide cleavage prevention by glycosylation in EAV-Gp3.

Conclusions:

  • Arteriviral membrane proteins exhibit unique cell biological features, including complex glycosylation patterns.
  • Understanding these proteins' structure and function is key to explaining arterivirus persistence and infection dynamics.
  • Further research into these proteins can inform strategies against arterivirus infections.