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Cognitive impairments in depression.

M Golinkoff1, J A Sweeney

  • 1Institute of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia 19139.

Journal of Affective Disorders
|September 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Patients with depression show memory impairments, not just difficulty allocating cognitive effort. This suggests basic memory deficits may underlie poor performance on memory tests in depression.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Depression is associated with impaired memory function.
  • Previous research suggests this may stem from encoding strategy deficits or effort allocation issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nature of memory impairments in patients with major depression and personality disorders.
  • To differentiate between basic memory deficits and effort allocation problems in these patient groups.

Main Methods:

  • Administered automatic frequency of occurrence, verbal paired associate recall, and recognition memory tests.
  • Compared performance of inpatients with major depression or personality disorders to age- and IQ-matched normal controls.

Main Results:

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  • No significant differences in frequency judgments were observed among groups.
  • Both depressed and personality disordered groups exhibited poorer recall and recognition than controls.
  • Depressed subjects showed the most significant memory deficits, with performance unaffected by task difficulty variations across groups.

Conclusions:

  • Poorer memory performance in depression likely reflects fundamental memory impairments, not a general deficit in cognitive effort allocation.
  • These memory impairments may be a broader consequence of psychopathology rather than specific to depression.